Vaping, alcohol and drugs in youth

Discovering that a young person has been vaping, drinking or experimenting with drugs can feel alarming. Responding with curiosity rather than panic gives the best chance of keeping the conversation - and the relationship - open.

What it is

Vaping, alcohol and drug use among adolescents often begins with curiosity, social pressure, or as a way to cope with stress, anxiety or boredom. The teenage brain is still developing, which means it can be more vulnerable to the effects of nicotine, alcohol and other substances, and patterns formed in adolescence can be harder to shift later. Vaping in particular has become common and is sometimes seen by young people as harmless, even though it can carry real health risks and dependency potential.

Signs to notice

• Unusual smells on clothing or breath, or unfamiliar devices in their belongings.
• Changes in friend groups, secretive behaviour, or unexplained spending of money.
• Mood swings, irritability or a drop in school performance.
• Bloodshot eyes, unusual sleep patterns, or sudden changes in appetite.
• Defensiveness or anger when the topic comes up.

What helps

• Approach the conversation with curiosity, not accusation - ask what's going on for them rather than leading with punishment.
• Share honest, factual information about risks rather than exaggerated scare tactics, which young people tend to dismiss.
• Explore what need the substance might be meeting - stress relief, fitting in, curiosity - and address that underlying need.
• Set clear, consistent family expectations and consequences, explained calmly in advance.
• Stay connected to their daily life and friendships, since isolation increases risk.
• Model the behaviour you'd like to see around your own substance use.

When to reach out for help

Reach out for professional support if use is frequent, escalating, involves harder substances, or if a young person seems unable to stop despite wanting to. Also seek help if substance use is linked to mood struggles, family conflict, or risk to their safety - a professional can assess for an underlying issue and appropriate treatment.

Getting help in South Africa

Cleared Mind's EAP counsellors can support families navigating youth substance use, including referrals for specialist treatment where needed. SADAG's Mental Health Line (011 234 4837) offers guidance and can point to youth-specific resources. Early, supportive intervention gives young people the best chance of turning things around.