Adolescent anxiety and depression

Adolescence brings enough change on its own, and for some teens, anxiety or depression adds another heavy layer. Recognising the signs early opens the door to support.

What it is

Anxiety and depression in adolescents can look different from how they present in adults. Instead of clear sadness or worry, teens may show irritability, anger, or physical complaints like headaches and stomach aches. These are genuine mental health difficulties, not just "teenage moodiness" or a phase to wait out, and a professional can assess what's really going on and how best to support your teen.

Signs to notice

• Persistent irritability, sadness, or anger that doesn't seem to lift.
• Withdrawing from friends, family, or activities they used to enjoy.
• Big changes in sleep or appetite.
• Declining school performance or difficulty concentrating.
• Frequent physical complaints without a clear medical cause.
• Excessive worry about school, social situations, or the future.
• Talking about feeling worthless, hopeless, or like a burden.

What helps

• Approach conversations with curiosity rather than judgement: "I've noticed you seem down lately, what's going on for you?"
• Avoid dismissing their feelings as dramatic or just a phase - validate that what they're experiencing feels real to them.
• Encourage healthy routines around sleep, movement, and screen time, which all support emotional regulation.
• Reduce pressure where possible, especially around school performance, while still keeping supportive structure.
• Model healthy coping with your own stress, since teens learn a great deal by watching the adults around them.
• Involve a school counsellor or GP early - early support tends to lead to better outcomes.
• Stay connected even when they push you away. Consistent, low-pressure presence matters more than perfect words.

When to reach out for help

Seek professional support if symptoms persist for more than a couple of weeks, interfere with school or relationships, or if your teen mentions feeling hopeless, worthless, or has thoughts of self-harm or suicide. These need prompt, caring attention from a professional.

Getting help in South Africa

Cleared Mind's EAP counsellors can support parents navigating these concerns and can refer families to appropriate adolescent mental health professionals. SADAG's Mental Health Line on 011 234 4837 offers guidance, and their Suicide Crisis Helpline is available if things ever feel urgent.

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If you or someone else is in immediate danger, reach out now. SADAG Suicide Crisis Helpline (24h): 0800 567 567 or SMS 31393. SAPS 10111, ambulance 10177, GBV Command Centre 0800 428 428.