When to refer for trauma therapy

Clear guidance on when someone affected by trauma should be referred to a trauma-focused therapist rather than general support.

2 min read · Awareness resource · Reviewed 2026-09-15

Not every difficult experience needs specialist therapy, but some do - and knowing the difference can make a real difference to someone's recovery. This is a guide for recognising when it's time to refer.

What it is

Most people who go through a distressing event recover with time, support from loved ones, and basic self-care. But in some cases, ongoing professional trauma therapy is needed to support proper healing. Trauma-focused therapy uses specific, evidence-based approaches to help the mind and body process a traumatic memory safely, rather than just talking generally about it. Knowing when to refer someone - whether you are a manager, colleague, friend or family member - can help them get the right support sooner.

Signs to notice

Consider a referral for trauma therapy when someone shows:

Symptoms lasting more than four to six weeks after the event, without improvement
Flashbacks, nightmares or intrusive memories that disrupt daily life
Avoidance so severe it affects work, relationships or basic functioning
Emotional numbness, detachment or a persistent sense of danger
Increased use of alcohol or substances to cope
Any mention of hopelessness, self-harm or not wanting to be here

What helps

Approach the person with warmth and without judgement
Let them know what you've noticed, gently and specifically
Encourage them to speak to a professional, and offer to help them find one
Avoid pushing them to "talk about it" if they are not ready - the offer of support matters more than the details
Follow up over time rather than raising it once and moving on
Remind them that trauma therapy is not a sign of weakness, but a proven way to heal

When to reach out for help

Refer immediately if there is any mention of suicidal thoughts, self-harm, or the person appears to be in crisis. Otherwise, a referral is appropriate whenever trauma symptoms are persistent, worsening, or interfering with daily life - a professional can assess and recommend the right level of care.

Getting help in South Africa

Cleared Mind's EAP offers a confidential first point of contact and can refer members to trauma-focused specialists as needed. SADAG's helpline can also guide people toward appropriate care.

If you or someone else is in immediate danger, reach out now. SADAG Suicide Crisis Helpline (24h): 0800 567 567 or SMS 31393. SAPS 10111, ambulance 10177, GBV Command Centre 0800 428 428.